Steven Hayes
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is a therapeutic approach that falls under the umbrella of cognitive-behavioral therapies. It was developed by Steven C. Hayes, PhD, and his colleagues and focuses on helping individuals create a rich and meaningful life while accepting the inherent difficulties that come with it. ACT is rooted in the contextual behavioral science framework and combines mindfulness strategies with behavior-change techniques.
The core components of ACT are often represented by the ACT hexaflex, which illustrates the six key processes or pivots. These pivots work together to promote psychological flexibility, which is the ability to be open, adaptable, and effective in the presence of difficult or changing situations.
This pivot involves distancing oneself from unhelpful thoughts and reducing their impact. It emphasizes changing the relationship with thoughts rather than trying to change the thoughts themselves.
Acceptance in ACT refers to the willingness to experience uncomfortable emotions and thoughts without unnecessary attempts to control or avoid them. It involves making room for all emotions, even those that are distressing.
Mindfulness is a key aspect of ACT, encouraging individuals to be fully present in the current moment. This pivot involves observing thoughts and feelings without judgment and being aware of one's experiences in the here and now.
This pivot involves recognizing the concept of the "observing self" or the part of us that is aware of our thoughts and feelings. It emphasizes the importance of seeing oneself from a broader perspective beyond the content of thoughts.
Identifying and clarifying one's values is a crucial aspect of ACT. This pivot involves understanding what truly matters to an individual and aligning their actions with these values.
This pivot focuses on taking effective and values-based actions, even in the face of discomfort or difficulty. It involves setting meaningful goals and moving toward them, guided by one's values.
By incorporating these six pivots, ACT aims to help individuals build psychological flexibility and develop a more adaptive and mindful approach to life's challenges. This can be particularly beneficial in psychotherapy by providing clients with tools to navigate their internal experiences and make choices that align with their values.
This video uses the metaphor of an unwelcome party guest to illustrate how you might struggle with unpleasant thoughts and emotions. Instead of trying to force these unwelcome feelings to leave, ACT encourages you to accept their presence and focus on what truly matters in your life. Through this approachable and relatable analogy, you will gain insights into how acceptance and mindfulness can lead to greater psychological flexibility and a more fulfilling life.
The concept of uncertainty is a fundamental aspect of the human experience, yet it often triggers distress and anxiety when faced with unknown outcomes or unpredictable situations. ACT offers a unique approach to addressing uncertainty by encouraging individuals to embrace it rather than avoid or control it. In ACT, clients learn to accept the presence of uncertainty as a natural part of life and to cultivate mindfulness skills to observe their thoughts and emotions without judgment. Through values clarification exercises, clients identify what truly matters to them and commit to taking actions aligned with their values, even in the face of uncertainty. By developing psychological flexibility and willingness to experience discomfort, individuals can reduce the impact of uncertainty on their lives and pursue meaningful goals despite the inherent unpredictability of the future. ACT empowers clients to embrace uncertainty as an opportunity for growth and resilience rather than a source of fear or avoidance.
In the realm of ACT, the adage "perfect is the enemy of good" carries significant weight. This principle underscores the importance of embracing imperfection and acknowledging that the pursuit of perfection often obstructs progress and well-being. In ACT, individuals learn to cultivate psychological flexibility by accepting their thoughts and feelings without judgment, and then committing to actions aligned with their values. Striving for perfection can lead to avoidance, procrastination, and a cycle of self-criticism, ultimately hindering growth and fulfillment. By embracing the concept that "good enough" is sufficient, individuals can break free from the shackles of perfectionism and engage more fully in meaningful actions that contribute to a rich and meaningful life.
Often, people encapsulate their experiences in narrow, limiting stories that only reveal a fraction of their reality. The concept of slow is fast and small is big challenges the idea that significant change can only occur through monumental events and rapid resolutions.
Consider the metaphor of standing in front of an elephant's leg and perceiving it as the trunk of a tree. This distorted view represents the incomplete narratives individuals construct about their lives. In the context of ACT, this metaphor underscores the tendency to misinterpret or oversimplify complex situations. However, when one steps back, takes a slower and more deliberate examination, and embraces a broader perspective, the full reality of the entire elephant becomes apparent.
Similarly, ACT encourages individuals to step back from their immediate thoughts, emotions, and narratives, allowing them to gain a more comprehensive understanding of their experiences. "Small is big" emphasizes the significance of small, mindful steps, recognizing that subtle changes and everyday actions can lead to profound transformations over time. "Slow is fast" challenges the impulse for quick fixes, advocating for a patient and thorough exploration of one's values and experiences, ultimately fostering lasting and meaningful change.
By incorporating the principles of "small is big and slow is fast" into the therapeutic process, individuals can move beyond the constraints of their narrow narratives, embracing a more holistic view of their lives. This mindset shift promotes psychological flexibility, encouraging clients to adapt to life's challenges with a deeper understanding and a commitment to actions aligned with their values.
Kelly Wilson, PhD, an internationally renowned ACT teacher, innovatively introduced the metaphorical concept of "Math Problems vs. Sunsets" to provoke contemplation on how individuals engage with the world. This metaphor encapsulates the choice of perceiving life either as a complex math problem requiring constant solving or as a beautiful sunset, inviting appreciation without the need for immediate resolution.
In the realm of ACT, clients are guided to step out of the confines of overthinking and establish a deeper connection with their values through mindful appreciation. This approach empowers individuals to cultivate a more enriching and purpose-driven life by embracing the present moment and aligning their actions with their core values.
Over the past decade, I have dedicated myself to enhancing my expertise in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) through comprehensive training sessions conducted by esteemed professionals in the field. Among these notable figures are Dr. Steven Hayes, widely recognized as one of the founders of ACT, as well as Dr. Kelly Wilson, a pioneering figure in the development of this therapeutic approach. Additionally, I have had the privilege of learning from Robyn Walter, PhD, and Matthew Bonney, LCSW, both of whom bring invaluable insights and practical wisdom to their ACT training sessions. Through these experiences, I have deepened my understanding of ACT principles and techniques, empowering me to effectively support my clients on their journey towards psychological healing and personal growth.
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To learn more about ACT, please visit the website for the Association for Contextual Behavioral Science.
Jodi Picoult
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